尽管韩国的架构管理信息已经长时间提供了高质量的信息，但信息的效用水平并不高，因为它专注于行政信息。虽然这是这种情况，但具有更高分辨率的三维（3D）地图随着技术的发展而出现。然而，它不能比视觉传输更好地运行，因为它仅包括聚焦在建筑物外部的图像信息。如果可以从3D地图中提取或识别与建筑物外部相关的信息，则预计信息的效用将更有价值，因为国家架构管理信息可以扩展到包括关于建筑物的这些信息外部到BIM的水平（建筑信息建模）。本研究旨在展示和评估利用深度学习和数字图像处理的3D映射的3D映射的建筑物外观相关信息的基本方法。在从地图中提取和预处理图像之后，使用快速R-CNN（具有卷积神经元网络的区域）模型来识别信息。在从地图中提取和预处理图像后，使用更快的R-CNN模型来识别信息。结果，它在检测到建筑物的高度和窗户部分以及旨在提取建筑物的高程信息的实验中的优异性能方面表现出大约93％和91％的精度。尽管如此，预计将通过补充混合由实验者的误解引起的误报或噪声数据的概率来获得改进的结果，从而与窗户的不明确的界限。

In robotics and computer vision communities, extensive studies have been widely conducted regarding surveillance tasks, including human detection, tracking, and motion recognition with a camera. Additionally, deep learning algorithms are widely utilized in the aforementioned tasks as in other computer vision tasks. Existing public datasets are insufficient to develop learning-based methods that handle various surveillance for outdoor and extreme situations such as harsh weather and low illuminance conditions. Therefore, we introduce a new large-scale outdoor surveillance dataset named eXtremely large-scale Multi-modAl Sensor dataset (X-MAS) containing more than 500,000 image pairs and the first-person view data annotated by well-trained annotators. Moreover, a single pair contains multi-modal data (e.g. an IR image, an RGB image, a thermal image, a depth image, and a LiDAR scan). This is the first large-scale first-person view outdoor multi-modal dataset focusing on surveillance tasks to the best of our knowledge. We present an overview of the proposed dataset with statistics and present methods of exploiting our dataset with deep learning-based algorithms. The latest information on the dataset and our study are available at https://github.com/lge-robot-navi, and the dataset will be available for download through a server.

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are mainly based on the slot-filling-based TOD (SF-TOD) framework, in which dialogues are broken down into smaller, controllable units (i.e., slots) to fulfill a specific task. A series of approaches based on this framework achieved remarkable success on various TOD benchmarks. However, we argue that the current TOD benchmarks are limited to surrogate real-world scenarios and that the current TOD models are still a long way from unraveling the scenarios. In this position paper, we first identify current status and limitations of SF-TOD systems. After that, we explore the WebTOD framework, the alternative direction for building a scalable TOD system when a web/mobile interface is available. In WebTOD, the dialogue system learns how to understand the web/mobile interface that the human agent interacts with, powered by a large-scale language model.

With the advent of deep learning, a huge number of text-to-speech (TTS) models which produce human-like speech have emerged. Recently, by introducing syntactic and semantic information w.r.t the input text, various approaches have been proposed to enrich the naturalness and expressiveness of TTS models. Although these strategies showed impressive results, they still have some limitations in utilizing language information. First, most approaches only use graph networks to utilize syntactic and semantic information without considering linguistic features. Second, most previous works do not explicitly consider adjacent words when encoding syntactic and semantic information, even though it is obvious that adjacent words are usually meaningful when encoding the current word. To address these issues, we propose Relation-aware Word Encoding Network (RWEN), which effectively allows syntactic and semantic information based on two modules (i.e., Semantic-level Relation Encoding and Adjacent Word Relation Encoding). Experimental results show substantial improvements compared to previous works.

This paper aims to provide a radical rundown on Conversation Search (ConvSearch), an approach to enhance the information retrieval method where users engage in a dialogue for the information-seeking tasks. In this survey, we predominantly focused on the human interactive characteristics of the ConvSearch systems, highlighting the operations of the action modules, likely the Retrieval system, Question-Answering, and Recommender system. We labeled various ConvSearch research problems in knowledge bases, natural language processing, and dialogue management systems along with the action modules. We further categorized the framework to ConvSearch and the application is directed toward biomedical and healthcare fields for the utilization of clinical social technology. Finally, we conclude by talking through the challenges and issues of ConvSearch, particularly in Bio-Medicine. Our main aim is to provide an integrated and unified vision of the ConvSearch components from different fields, which benefit the information-seeking process in healthcare systems.

When training early-stage deep neural networks (DNNs), generating intermediate features via convolution or linear layers occupied most of the execution time. Accordingly, extensive research has been done to reduce the computational burden of the convolution or linear layers. In recent mobile-friendly DNNs, however, the relative number of operations involved in processing these layers has significantly reduced. As a result, the proportion of the execution time of other layers, such as batch normalization layers, has increased. Thus, in this work, we conduct a detailed analysis of the batch normalization layer to efficiently reduce the runtime overhead in the batch normalization process. Backed up by the thorough analysis, we present an extremely efficient batch normalization, named LightNorm, and its associated hardware module. In more detail, we fuse three approximation techniques that are i) low bit-precision, ii) range batch normalization, and iii) block floating point. All these approximate techniques are carefully utilized not only to maintain the statistics of intermediate feature maps, but also to minimize the off-chip memory accesses. By using the proposed LightNorm hardware, we can achieve significant area and energy savings during the DNN training without hurting the training accuracy. This makes the proposed hardware a great candidate for the on-device training.

We consider local kernel metric learning for off-policy evaluation (OPE) of deterministic policies in contextual bandits with continuous action spaces. Our work is motivated by practical scenarios where the target policy needs to be deterministic due to domain requirements, such as prescription of treatment dosage and duration in medicine. Although importance sampling (IS) provides a basic principle for OPE, it is ill-posed for the deterministic target policy with continuous actions. Our main idea is to relax the target policy and pose the problem as kernel-based estimation, where we learn the kernel metric in order to minimize the overall mean squared error (MSE). We present an analytic solution for the optimal metric, based on the analysis of bias and variance. Whereas prior work has been limited to scalar action spaces or kernel bandwidth selection, our work takes a step further being capable of vector action spaces and metric optimization. We show that our estimator is consistent, and significantly reduces the MSE compared to baseline OPE methods through experiments on various domains.

可靠的评估方法对于构建强大的分布（OOD）检测器至关重要。OOD检测器的当前鲁棒性评估协议依赖于向数据注射扰动。但是，扰动不太可能自然发生或与数据内容无关，从而提供了有限的鲁棒性评估。在本文中，我们提出了对OOD检测器（EVG）的评估-VIA产生，这是一种新的协议，用于研究异常值变化模式下OOD检测器的鲁棒性。EVG利用生成模型合成合理的异常值，并采用MCMC采样来发现探测器最高置信度的分布式分类为分类。我们使用EVG对最先进的OOD检测器的性能进行了全面的基准比较，从而揭示了先前被忽视的弱点。

弱监督的对象检测（WSOD）是一项任务，可使用仅在图像级注释上训练的模型来检测图像中的对象。当前的最新模型受益于自我监督的实例级别的监督，但是由于弱监督不包括计数或位置信息，因此最常见的``Argmax''标签方法通常忽略了许多对象实例。为了减轻此问题，我们提出了一种新颖的多个实例标记方法，称为对象发现。我们进一步在弱监督下引入了新的对比损失，在该监督下，没有实例级信息可用于采样，称为弱监督对比损失（WSCL）。WSCL旨在通过利用一致的功能来嵌入同一类中的向量来构建对象发现的可靠相似性阈值。结果，我们在2014年和2017年MS-Coco以及Pascal VOC 2012上取得了新的最新结果，并在Pascal VOC 2007上取得了竞争成果。

我们提出了一种从荧光X射线序列中提取冠状动脉血管的方法。给定源框架的血管结构，随后框架中的血管对应候选者是由新型的分层搜索方案生成的，以克服孔径问题。最佳对应关系是在马尔可夫随机字段优化框架内确定的。由于对比剂的流入，进行后处理以提取新近可见的血管分支。在18个序列的数据集上进行的定量和定性评估证明了该方法的有效性。